What is it?A fit test is a test carried out to verify that a tight fitting respirator issued to a worker actually fits that person. Tight fitting respirators are those such as half masks, disposables and full facemasks, which rely on a tight seal to prevent leakage of contaminant. Why do it?
Unless the mask fits the wearer, you cannot assume that it gives the quoted protection. A fit test helps to check that it does fit. Recent studies carried out by the UK Health and Safety Laboratory show that some female firefighters had been issued with masks that were far too big for them. Apart from the reduced protection, their comfort was compromised. Fit testing would have shown up the problem and allowed a better fitting mask to be selected.
Fit testing is an excellent way of demonstrating the correct way to put masks on and can assist wearer training. In some countries fit testing may be a legal requirement. How is it done? There are two basic methods, qualitative (QLFT), and quantitative (QNFT). Qualitative methods rely on the use of an innocuous contaminant, which can easily be detected by taste or smell. Examples of contaminants commonly used include saccharin powder, bitter agents such as Bitrex™, Isoamyl Acetate (banana oil vapour) and in the military, tear gas! This kind of test is usually quick and easy, and can be quite sensitive, however it does rely on the honesty of the wearer, and the tester being sufficiently experienced to generate the contaminant accurately. Quantitative methods use a measurement of leakage, either by using a contaminant, which can be accurately detected or by measuring an air leak directly. Usually the leakage values can be recorded, and there is no reliance on the judgement of the wearer. In both cases an attempt should be made to simulate normal activities, such as, a head movement and talking, so that it can be shown that the mask still retains an adequate seal.
Scott recommends only the quantitative Portacount™ method. This machine uses ambient aerosol particles as a challenge for the respirator. It is not widely known that there are usually upwards of 10,000 sub-micron dust particles per cc of air, and these make an excellent challenge aerosol for fit testing. The Portacount counts these particles and compares the concentration outside the mask with that inside the mask to get a fit factor. Fit factors up to 10,000+ can be measured with reasonable accuracy, and the results downloaded to a PC file.
Mask adapters are available which allow a sample probe to be placed into the mask without modifying it. How long does it take? Typically less than 10 minutes. Do I have to go to a special lab to get it done? No, most of the fit test methods including Portacount are totally portable and the test can be done almost anywhere. Does the result tell me how much protection I am getting?
No, the test is merely a snapshot, and it just tells you the mask is fitting. Although fit is probably the most important factor in protection, there are many others which also have an influence. A number of studies have shown very poor correlation between fit factors and workplace protection, although it is certainly true that if your mask is a poor fit, you will not get the quoted protection from it. Do I have to do it?
In most countries there is no legal requirement, however it is required under OSHA regulations in the USA, and in the UK it is required for all asbestos workers under the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations. It is soon expected to become a general requirement under the Approved Code of Practice for the COSHH regulations in the UK too. Certain other countries have some provision, and it is generally becoming recognised as best practice. How often does it need doing? There is usually no specific requirement, but the test will need to be repeated if there is a change of model of mask, or if the facial features change markedly. Scott would recommend a repeat test approximately every two years as a way of reinforcing training and keeping records up to date.
Do I use a test mask, or my own mask? If you use your own mask, the test may show up maintenance or cleaning problems with it. This might mean you fail even if the mask actually fits OK. If you use your own mask, make sure it well cleaned and maintained first. There is no problem using a test mask if you want to, it is perfectly valid, since you are just checking if that model and size fits you. What factor do I need to pass? Scott recommends a minimum factor of 100 for half masks, and 2000 for full face masks, for all exercises in the standard regime. This is in line with HSE requirements in the UK. What do I do if I fail?
First check that the mask is working properly; perform all the inspection checks described in the user manual. You will also need to make sure that there is no hair, stubble or any other object interfering with the seal. The Portacount method is sensitive to exhaled smoke particles, if you smoke, leave at least an hour between your last cigarette and the test. Make sure you are fitting the mask properly, follow the instructions, and use a mirror if that is helpful.
Having checked all these factors, repeat the test. If it still fails, look firstly for an alternative size of mask. It may be also that you need to consider another model of mask completely. Don’t forget you cannot use conventional spectacles with full-face masks; if you need glasses, you will need a special frame to fit inside the mask. Where can I get this done? Contact the mask manufacturer or supplier for details of organisations offering fit testing in your area. If you are using Protector or Sabre masks, contact our customer service department who will direct you to one of our recommended service providers. The Sabre training department also offers its own fit testing service. How else can Scott help? There is a huge choice of mask model and size options available from both Sabre and Protector. We can provide fit test adapters for these masks if you wish to arrange your own testing, or can arrange testing for you. If you would like a quotation, please contact our customer service department who will assist you.Top of page
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